The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. Rheology of dextran solutions. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. Chem. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 2012;29(7):201729. of different origins. 2005;304(1):27486. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. (2008). Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. (2003). 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. Expert Rev Med Devices. ; Weisz, J. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. IV. This conjecture found to be correct. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Granath, K. A. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). @ Nilimesh See attached. ; De Jong, S.J. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. Cite this article. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). II. Learn More. (2008). To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost Pharm Res. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. Materiaux 1-5. 2012;9(2):14754. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. (1937). Structure Properties of Dextran. The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. B 113, 8020-8025. 2. Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. Biomaterials. 2008;26(11):12618. Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. 2016;9706:97061E6. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Anal. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bahary, W.S. Pathan IB, Setty CM. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. AATEX. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. SWC designed and coordinated the research. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Before 2013;43(4):287303. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Cookies policy. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Careers. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. 2013;3(5):3588605. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. J. Braz. Proc. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter ( dh ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. Gold MH, Biron JA. 2019;26(1):25261. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. Curley SA. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Int. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. De Belder, A.N. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. (2008). Microneedles and their applications. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. De Belder, A. N. (2001). The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Dextran. (1991). osmotic pressure or light scattering). The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. ; Bos, G.W. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, Drug Deliv. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Bookshelf 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Analytical Chemistry. Chem. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. 113, 81-86. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Format). Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. Banga AK. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. Charge: Anionic. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. 2012;27(3):20212. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. Disclaimer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Crini, G. (2005). Biomaterials Research With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. ; Wood, P.J. Chem. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). The site is secure. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 2004;25(9):155967. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free
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