The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. a. Alzheimer's disease. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). b. transcription factors. d. M1 microglial cells. d. a transcription factor. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? Name the two other neuron types which are cholinergic. 34. c. Astrocytes Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. 2. A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. Which of the following are true about neurons? C) neurolemma A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. What are the two(2) functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons? d. ribosome transcription. Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? Characteristics and function of neurons. A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. c. basal ganglia. a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? 71. c. Electrical impulses would be unable to travel down axons. If a loud noise made you jump, which structure was most likely responsible for this D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. 3. Classify neurons according to their structure. Allow ions to move in and out of its cellular membrane. How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events? a. d. cingulate cortex. The autonomic nervous has control centers in the: d. act as transcription factors. a. Neurogenetics The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. True or False, The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other. What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation contraction mechanism? Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. d. gyri. alternations to DNA sequences? d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. A . 8. The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. a) Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses. Which neurons belong to the efferent pathway? a. your answer. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. Classify neurons according to their function. (a) They conduct impulses. 69. sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. C. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon, What does myelin do for neurons? c. sensory and motor neurons that su. c. Dendrites and soma The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. 10. 63. a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of the above, All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons EXCEPT: a. a. extrapyramidal motor system. Discovering that someone has glial scars means suggests that: c. neurotrophins. Neurons are located both in the CNS and on the periphery. B) type of stimulus receptor 13. b. cerebellum. Differentiate the actions and chemical messengers in the endocrine system from those in the nervous system. 1. Be c. The person would later be unable to recall events that took place for some period of time after A) efferent neuron b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? 1.Introduction. D) They are mitotic. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a (n) ________. (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . b. Neurons have . D) voltage regulated repolarization, Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? C) innervation of glands Cold sores on the skin of the mouth occur when herpes simplex viruses that are dormant in neural ganglia become active and travel to the skin of the mouth. b. b. cause inattention. response? d. hippocampus. D) Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. c. Oligodendrocytes (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: The hypothalamus is located in the: c. synapses. Oligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. What is a substance released from neurons that influences the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters called? B) They have extreme longevity.C) They are mitotic. C) leakage channel c. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon and, What does myelin do for neurons? Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? the somatic nervous system. O They have extreme longevity. a. it provides a protective cushion for the brain. are crucial for the development of neural connections. They conduct impulses. Their basic function is to receive and transmit information through electrical impulses. Traub et al. This area is also known as the soma or perikaryon. b. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? b. procedural memory. To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. Motor neurons transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). a. c. working memory. Which of the following is false or incorrect? (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury. Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? 49. A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons. c. decrease anxiety. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. Define neurotransmitter. b. basal ganglia synapses. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? They have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. C) ganglia Which of the following cells are not found in a connective tissue? B) anchor neurons to blood vessels A. neuronal fibers; axons B. axons; dendrites C. dendr. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). B) microglia c. end terminus. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier? 9. 64. D) Schwann cells, Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. She asks the nurse,"Why did this have to happen to me again? B) amplitude of various sizes 12. Answer: They are constantly dividing Explanation: Neurons are like different cells in the body on the grounds that: Neurons are encircled by a cell . Show the details. March 17, 2022. a. What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: High metabolic rate. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. a. corpus callosum. What market share did Mountainside have? a. Dendrites and axon Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? 4. D) ATP and other purines a. Doral root The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. 5. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. b. that a person is genetically female. B) dendrite the membrane potential has been reestablished. researcher would: True or False, The overlapping functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, and motor output. a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. A) a change in sodium ion permeability c. decrease the activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. c. Dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the firs, Which type of neuron transmits impulses from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands? a. improve working memory. a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. b. Somatic Nervous System What are the different types of neurons in the ANS and where are they located? c. Neuromuscular junction a. Oligodendrocytes Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are called: a. neurons. Immediately after an action potential the potassium gates, being slow gates that do not respond to change in the electrical charge, allow additional K+ ions to flood into the cell. Which of the following are the cells of nervous tissue? C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? a. the person had neurons that did not form correctly during neural development. A. Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. 78. Neurons create extensive communication networks throughout the nervous system. Collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ________. Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. A neuron consists of a nucleus, a region of tissue that contains the cell body. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. A chemical messenger that does not directly cause ESPSs or IPSPs but does affect the strength of synaptic transmission is a ________. The generation of an action potential in a neuron requires the presence what type of membrane channels? D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. That is, they have a single axon and many dendrites. 74. B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions Select the correct statement regarding synapses. The _________________ facilitates balance and the timing of movements. a. Sensory neurons. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. a. meninges. D) control the chemical environment around neurons c. M2 c) Myelinated axons utilize fewer, Which of the following statements does not accurately desoribe a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system? The comparison demonstrates that the suggested controller closely tracks the reference voltage than the . Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. b) Neurological cells protect and support neurons. b. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of Which neurons reside only within the CNS? a. norepinephrine. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. 48. Which nervous system was the drug most A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. Which cranial nerve receives sensory information from the heart, liver, and intestines? c. The cerebral cortex includes the cerebellum. A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: 2. A. D) positively charged and contains more sodium. After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. a. forebrain. What are the properties of myelinated axons which makes them ideal for long-distance motor control of skeletal muscle? a. decrease a neurons's aerobic energy metabolism. Which of the following is correct? d. acetylcholine. Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? Like the heart, lungs, and stomach, the nervous system is made up of specialized cells. Neuroglia perform supportive functions in the brain. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? Hint. b. inhibit axon growth. d. endothelial cells., 2. What is the functional neuron type that is the most prevalent in the CNS? d. inferior colliculus. A scientist who wanted to determine how inflammation in the brain was occurring in a A) They conduct impulses. Which of the followings cells accounts for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system? A patient was admitted for depression. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. a. Which of the following is false or incorrect? b. Constricted airways b. control the chemical environment around neurons. 1. Sensory and motor divisions. C) opens K+ or Cl- channels Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action potential? Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? a. Functional genomics All of the following describe functions for cerebrospinal fluid except: Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled . Which of the following is not true concerning the structural classification of neurons? Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. a. inhibit the production of neurotrophins. B) provide the defense for the CNS B) are found on "pathfinder" neurons Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? However, the electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? a.) A) They conduct impulses. B) They have extreme longevity. a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. They are robust signaling cells. c. it increases flow to highly active neurons. The cerebral cortex is located in the forebrain. 47. d. The person may have motor tremor. It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. The person would have impaired decision making while the drug's effects were active. a. neuromuscular junction. They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. a. a. Microglial cell activation a. Conduct chemo-electrical impulses. D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. c. Ganglia Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are. a) norepinephrine b) cholinesterase c) gamma aminobutyric acid d) acetylcholine. The synaptic cleft b. A) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. 72. D) They are short-lived. a. that a person will have a polymorphism. a. alertness. b. hypothalamus. 39. Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: What type of channel on the postsynaptic membrane binds neurotransmitter? (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. (a) dendrites (b) cell body (c) myelin (d) axon terminal. The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. Select all that apply. Choose the correct order of these events below. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: D) all sodium gates are closed, In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? A) acetycholine In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. A) peripheral and spinal nerves What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? GABA and glycine are amino acid neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines; and endorphin and enkephalin are peptide transmitters. a. ribosomes. 14. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. D) control the chemical environment around neurons C) brain and spinal cord What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. d. reticular activating system. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of skeletal muscle D . True or False, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. ANSWER : The neurons are included in the somatic body cells but are. Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. c. they form an insulating material around axons. An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS? b. cerebellum. A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. B) oligodendrocytes c. somatic nervous system. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. b. transcription factors. ATP neurotransmitters have what basic effect on the body? High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? True or False, Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. d. it fills spaces in the brain. A) origin of the stimulus a. impair memory. Its structure is multipolar. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. a. midbrain. a. c. medulla formation. The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n): 6. Melatonin is released from the: To which part of the spinal cord is sensory information sent? a) Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. a. Dendrite b. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: a. basal ganglia Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? B) muscle contraction would occur 12. b. thalamus. D. axon hillock. A) motor neurons Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? c. Activation of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons The greater the density of spines along dendrites, the greater a neuron's: 5. Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? Tight junctions along blood vessels in the brain are formed by: d. The cerebral cortex is found on the surface of the brain. In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Inter-Neurons A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: Longevity 2. Relative to the prefrontal cortex, the neuron would be called a(n): Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? If the electrode is removed, a potential of zero is recorded again. b. a. tegmentum. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. d. the hypothalamus. b. Medulla Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. The basal ganglia act to stabilize voluntary movements. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? C) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. 45. C) diphasic impulses c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. B) muscle contraction would occur. b. the blood-brain barrier C) frequency of action potentials This protective role is important because cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS. 1. b. M3 Cell body c. Ganglion d. Axon, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? True or False, Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: A disorder that damaged oligodendrocytes would be expected to impede neurotransmission. People throughout history (has, have) been fascinated by the moon. All rights reserved. b. Axon and soma c. reticular formation. b. Microglial cells A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? These gases are neurotransmitters that act indirectly. 25. c. a ventricle. Tell why you think so. a. the hippocampus. True or False, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. a. Schwann cells b. satellite cells c. microglia d. astrocytes e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells. nerve impulses) Need constant supply of nutrients and oxygen O All of the listed answer choices . a. increase the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Question. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons. The hills on the surface of the brain are referred to as: View the full answer. d. Neurotrophins. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. The function of neurons is to communicate information from one part of the body to other parts. B. a. hippocampus C) Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities. b. a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. c. meninges. Both responses are examples of graded potentials. The midbrain contains the: B They have extreme longevity. a) axons b) dendrites c) Schwann cell d) cell body, Which of the following forms myelin in axons at PNS? b. Neurotransmitters a. - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. 13. Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. Expert Answer. a. postganglionic terminals. D) size of action potentials, Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. 79. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . likely acting upon? a. anchor neurons to blood vessels. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? E) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability. 10. Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e . 40. Identify the cell type below that assists the function of neurons and has a supportive role within the nervous system? _____________ is a process for responding to brain injury. Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. B) They can form on receptor endings. Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. There are three types of neurons. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.